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| Official
History |
| 345th
Infantry Regiment |
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From: The History
of the 345th
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| Shipping Out |
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On 9 October 1944, the first of the division's trains pulled
out of Fort Jackson with units of the 345th. Four more trains
followed and by 11 October, the regiment was in its new but
very temporary home at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey.
Passes were to be issued when everyone had completed all
the requirements for the overseas movement. On a Friday morning,
a small percentage of the men received passes and were soon
on their way, but late that afternoon came the electrifying
news-leaving tomorrow. Everyone not on an important detail
was to leave on a twelve hour pass that very night. New York,
Trenton, and Philadelphia were all within two or three hours
traveling time of the camp. By 1900 the exodus was in full
swing. Buses, taxicabs, and trains bulged with the men bound
for a final fling before leaving the United States. Bus lines
put on extra vehicles, and the Pennsylvania Railroad put on
extra trains to accommodate the division, for all had to be
back in ranks at 0600 the following morning.
Sunday afternoon, night, and all day Monday, trains shuttled
between the camp and the ferryslips at Jersey City, New Jersey.
From Jersey City, ferryboats took over, plowing back and forth
across the Hudson River until all were aboard the transport.
By midnight, 16 October, the gangplanks were down, and the
big ship swayed at her moorings to await the full tide on
which she could sail.
The transport was the Queen Elizabeth, the largest and finest
ship afloat. Men were crowded, but not uncomfortably, for
there was no double loading. Pulling from the pier at 0630,
17 October, the Queen sailed from New York harbor. The sea
was calm, the weather clear, the trip uneventful. The ship
was unescorted.
GI vaudeville shows and small bands toured the ship daily.
Moving pictures were shown every evening on the blacked out
decks. Card games, men reading or writing letters, or small
groups playing phonographs were a familiar sight on every
deck. Others just lined the rails and watched the huge waves,
pushed apart by the speeding bow. Two meals a day were served
on the voyage; more than five sittings being required to feed
the entire complement of passengers.
On 22 October the anchor was dropped in the Clyde River,
midway between Gorick and Greenock, Scotland. The 345th disembarked
on 23 October. Boarding English trains, the men traveled by
daylight to the journey's end. The regiment was scattered
over a twenty square mile area of England's Midlands-the villages
of Biddulph, Stone, Leek, and Peover Hall.
Special Services and the local Red Cross establishments provided
dances, moving pictures, concerts by the regimental dance
band, and tours of nearby points of interest. Thanksgiving
dinner was served at midday 23 November but that night movement
orders were received, and the regiment prepared to take its
leave of England.
The 345th boarded trains during the night of the 25th and
marched through the streets of Southampton the following morning
enroute to the docks. The vessels bearing the foot elements
arrived off Le Havre harbor in the early evening and anchored
for the night. The next morning they moved inside the breakwater,
and the troops went over the side into LCIs for ferrying to
the shore.
Motor convoys were waiting to carry the regiment to a bivouac
area. The following day they arrived at the apple orchards
of St. Saens near Rouen in the Red Horse Assembly Area. Rain,
cold, fog, and mud combined to make life miserable.
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| The Saar |
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On 13 December the entire regiment closed into this rear
assembly area by 1600, some 500 yards from Gros Rederching,
and dug in for the night. On December 14 orders were received
moving the regiment into division reserve. That night intermittent
enemy artillery fire landed in the First and Third Battalion
area.
On the morning of 15 December, the 345th relieved the 346th
Infantry's First and Second Battalion in the vicinity of Rimling,
France. The Second Battalion was in Regimental reserve. At
1500 the Third Battalion moved out. Company I, on the left,
and Company K led off. At 1530 a terrific enemy barrage landed
on the forward element. It continued to fall intermittently
all afternoon inflicting a number of casualties. By dark both
companies had reached their objectives and dug in for the
night.
At dawn the next morning, 16 December, the attack jumped
off again, this time with Company L on the right and Company
I on the left. Only slight resistance was met and both companies
reached their objectives. However, as Company L was reorganizing
an intense enemy shelling forced them to withdraw to more
favorable ground. Company I, in a more protected area, remained
on the objective until the Second Battalion passed through
the Third Battalion the next morning. The First Battalion
had jumped off simultaneously with the Third and met little
resistance. They had secured their objective at 1045.
On 17 December the Second Battalion moved through the Third
Battalion at 0930 toward a new objective two thousand yards
ahead-a heavy woods west of Medelsheim, Germany, and covering
a ridge running in the general direction of Seyweiler. The
first thousand yards were covered in less than forty-five
minutes. At 1115 Company E encountered two enemy machine guns
and was pinned down. Two enemy tanks appeared 300 yards to
the front and opened fire. Soon the entire Second Battalion
area was subjected to an intense bombardment.
Company F was moved up on the left flank to assist Company
E. During the course of the action, the company suffered many
casualties from tree bursts and was forced to withdraw. Company
E was now in danger of a counterattack on its exposed left
flank. Finally, the battalion commander decided to withdraw
to more favorable ground and reorganize the battalion.
The long awaited tanks arrived at 1500 and the unit's of
the Second Battalion were reorganized. The attack resumed
at 1530 with Company E on the left and Company G on the right.
Despite fields of mines and bitter resistance they pushed
forward 500 yards to drive the enemy from his positions. Medelsheim,
Germany, was taken-the first German town to fall to the 345th
combat team.
On the morning of 19 December, the First Battalion relieved
the Second and a defense of the area was established. Snipers
were reported from time to time but no major action materialized
during the next four days.
On 23 December, the regiment was advised it would be relieved
that night by elements of the 44th Infantry Division and would
move, by motor, to Cutting, France, some forty miles to the
rear. The intermittent rain and snow with temperatures around
15 degrees made life miserable.
On 24 December at 1600 the 345th closed into its new area.
Barns and homes combined to provide a degree of warmth and
comfort for Christmas Eve. Mail was obtained and distributed
during the night. Christmas Day dawned bright and clear. Cooks
and bakers worked most of the night to serve a turkey dinner
with all the trimmings for the midday meal. The holiday atmosphere
prevailed until big Army cargo trucks began arriving to move
the regiment once again.
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| The Battle of the Bulge |
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| Nazi hoards had broken through American defenses along the
German-Belgian border between Malmedy, Belgium and Echternach,
Luxembourg. Few were aware that the regiment's sudden departure
from the Saar Valley was a direct result of the German's fifty-mile
salient into the Ardennes Forest.
By 1630 on Christmas day, the entire unit was on the road-destination
unknown. With the fall of darkness, the thermometer reached
a new low. Everyone's prime consideration became how to keep
warm on the tortuous two-hundred mile move.
All night the convoy wound it's way through France, avoiding
all large towns and most of the main highways. Security was
of the utmost importance. The division was assigned to the
XV Corps, Seventh Army, as a further precaution- the whereabouts
of the Third Army being a closely guarded secret.
At 1500 on 26 December the regiment closed into a bivouac
area less than fifteen kilometers from the Cathedral city
of Rheims. Heavy frosts and low temperatures covered the landscape
with a blanket of ice. Soon after unloading, the olive drab
vehicles were blended with their surroundings under a coating
of white.
The division's mission was to provide protection in the event
of another German breakthrough to the southwest and at the
same time to provide the men with a short rest. Regular convoys
rolled into Rheims to give the men showers, clean clothes,
and a bit of relaxation. Shortages of men and equipment were
made up and the 345th was again at full strength. Christmas
mail caught up with the unit. Reassignment to General Patton's
Third Army came on 28 December and on 29 December the regiment
was again on the road bound for an assembly area in the Luchie
Woods 19 kilometers southwest of Moircy, Belgium. The last
of the column arrived in the area at 2100.
The regiment was to jump off the next morning, clear Libramont
and Recogne and continue east along Highway 26 toward a vital
enemy held crossroads at Pironpre, Belgium. The road from
Libramont to Moircy was reconnoitered during the night and
no enemy was encountered.
On 30 December the attack began at 0800. The First Battalion
was in the lead, followed by the Third and then the Second.
Company A was in the lead. No opposition was encountered in
the first stages of the attack. By 1030 the Battalion Command
Post was moved up the highway 10 kilometers to Freux Menil.
At 1030 Company A first drew fire from enemy positions. Two
German Burp guns opened fire as the leading elements of the
company approached strongly fortified Moircy. The advance
continued but soon two enemy Tiger tanks, partially hidden
by buildings, laid down a murderous fire. Machine guns, emplaced
in a nearby field, joined in and caught the unit in a withering
crossfire.
At 1400 regiment was notified that elements of First Battalion
had entered Moircy itself. By 1600 Company C had pushed on
another thousand yards around Moircy to enter Jenneville.
At 1700 the Germans launched a violent counterattack. The
First Battalion was withdrawn to better defense positions
west of Moircy. Elements of the battalion did not receive
the order and remained in the village. Others withdrew as
squads, sections or platoons, and in some cases, as individuals.
The battalion was regrouped and a defensive position on high
ground was established overlooking the town.
Meanwhile, the troops that had remained in Moircy were subjected
to an intense artillery bombardment from German 88mm gun and
occasionally American guns. Shortly after dark it began to
snow, and soon everything was covered with a mantle of white.
The Third Battalion was moved into positions just to the
rear of the First Battalion. They were subjected to heavy
enemy fire which inflicted some casualties. Second Battalion
was in Regimental Reserve.
On 31 December, The Second Battalion moved out at 1330 and
moved through Remange, cleared it and took the high ground
to the north. By 1830 the entire battalion had dug in-its
mission accomplished.
On New Year's Eve, the regiment was notified that the 347th
would relieve the 345th. The 345th was to revert to Divisional
Reserve.
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